METALLURGY & MINING

Communications for metals and mining sites

The plant expands phase by phase, but the radio system usually stays as it was on day one. Calls into the process area go unanswered, channels bleed into each other, unregistered radios join at will — and every expansion makes each of those worse.

THE CHALLENGE

On a large site, communication is the first thing expansion leaves behind

These problems recur across smelters, concentrators, electrolysis plants and large industrial parks — and get worse each year as the footprint grows.

The control centre cannot reach the process area

In radio-to-radio mode contact is lost within tens of metres of the control centre, so site coordination happens on foot.

The illusion of coverage inside a unit

Shielded by steel and machinery, a worker hears the call but cannot answer it — which is how a critical instruction gets misread.

Channels bleeding into each other

Crosstalk between channels interrupts work in progress, and different crews interfere with one another.

Unregistered radios and eavesdropping

Any unknown radio can join and listen to a channel, with no way to identify, block or disable it.

Capacity pressure from expansion

The plant grows in phases without the radio plan growing with it, so an expansion forces a shutdown or a wholesale rebuild.

No redundancy designed in

Production depends on the radio more every year, yet a single point of failure has no backup and no fast recovery.

COVERAGE BASELINE

Measured coverage, area by area

Area
Control centre
Outside the units
Inside the units
Legacy analogue
-70 dBm
-90 dBm
No contact
Digital + distribution
-70 dBm
Covered directly by the base station antenna, stable throughout.
-90 dBm
Reinforced by outdoor antennas, continuously usable in the open.
—
Fibre plus explosion-proof antennas — from dead zone to usable.
What analogue costs you
· Speech breaks up in weak-signal areas and noise cannot be filtered out
· The base station cannot identify the ID of a radio that joins
· With no access key, the base station is effectively unprotected
· Signal quality swings up and down as people move
After the move to digital
· Designed field strength of ≥-85 dBm gives consistent call quality
· Dual-slot TDMA carries two voice paths in a 12.5 kHz channel
· Speech stays intelligible at low signal, extending usable range
· Radio IDs are identifiable, which is the basis for security management
SYSTEM DESIGN

Extending coverage without stopping production

The plant's existing fibre carries the base station signal into the heart of the process area, and an outdoor antenna on the control centre roof covers the open site. The work is done independently, interrupting neither the current radio system nor production.

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Reuse the existing fibre

The plant’s current fibre backbone is used as it stands — nothing new to lay.

Cover from the control centre roof

An outdoor antenna at the high point covers the open areas of the site.

Extend into the process units

Fibre reaches inside the production units, filling in signal level by level.

Continuous roaming between areas

Coverage extends to the adjacent plant, so radios roam across every channel.

PROJECT BENEFITS
No new backbone required

The existing plant fibre is reused, reducing new cabling and the scope of alteration.

KEY BENEFIT
Installed without stopping production

Each extension area is worked independently, so current communications and operations continue.

Continuous roaming between areas

Radios roam across the full band, so crews stop switching channels as they move.

SYSTEM TOPOLOGY

One base station, three ways to extend it

Analogue radio-to-radio calling gives way to a centrally networked DMR digital base station. Fibre carries the signal into the process units and underground workings, while the open areas of the site are covered directly from antennas on the base station — all three paths sharing one base station and one frequency plan.

Metals and mining coverage architecture
Drag to see details
DMR outdoor coverage

Base station antennas strengthen the outdoor signal across roads, stockyards and open working areas.

Hazardous process units

Explosion-proof fibre links and antennas deliver explosion-protected coverage zones inside the units.

Standard production halls

Fibre reaches the halls, with indoor antennas covering the shop floor and offices.

4G around the site

Multi-mode radios switch freely to 4G, covering areas beyond the private network.

CHANNEL & DEVICE CONTROL

Channels brought under control,
radios no longer joining at will

Radio chaos on a large site is rarely a shortage of equipment. It is that anyone can reprogram a radio and anyone can get on the air. This layer takes channel permissions and device enrolment back under management.

Centralised channel management
On-network and off-network channels are regrouped, and free reprogramming of radios is withdrawn.
Channel permissions by department
Divided across production, administration, engineering, maintenance and work crews, each using only its own channels.
One approval route for enrolment
Newly purchased terminals are registered centrally, so nothing joins the network and causes interference.
Digital migration in stages
Repeaters are specified to match the existing analogue channel count, so the change is gradual rather than wholesale.
Example channel plan

Repeaters are specified to match the existing analogue channel count, converted to digital in stages, with room to double capacity later.

01 Talk group 1 Production
02 Talk group 2 Administration
03 Talk group 3 Engineering
04 Talk group 4 Maintenance
05 Talk groups 5–8 Work crews
09 Direct mode 1–2 Adjacent-area crews
SECURITY & REDUNDANCY

The more production depends on the radio, the less it can have one path

Security and redundancy are not add-ons. They are the floor that keeps the radio working through any single failure.

TERMINAL MANAGEMENT
Terminal fleet management

Online state, ownership and usage of every terminal in one place, with an audit trail for issue and return.

HARDWARE REDUNDANCY
Redundant core modules

Power and RF modules are duplicated, so a single failure cannot silence a whole section.

Dual fibre routes and optical bypass

Two fibre paths, with an intermediate remote unit bypassed automatically when it loses power so the downstream path keeps working.

BEYOND VOICE

What the site gains once the network is in

Every call and every position the base station records can feed the field operations platform, becoming data you can search, count and review.

RECOMMENDED

Recommended product mix

All platform and products →
HOW WE WORK

How the design gets made real

01
Initial analysis

Coverage across the site is predicted from RF propagation theory.

02
Site survey

A full survey and assessment of actual conditions confirms the difficult areas.

03
Trial test

A temporary repeater system is set up and measured to prove the initial design.

04
Detailed design

Coverage areas, equipment sizes and power are confirmed and construction drawings issued.

05
Acceptance

Call-quality acceptance criteria are set and the final implementation is signed off.

Start with a site communications assessment

Send us the site plan, the radios you run today and the expansion plan. We survey on site and come back with a workable improvement plan and a phased route to it.

KEY FACTS

Metals and mining key facts

Coverage

Underground and open-pit

Shafts, drifts, pits and processing plants

Equipment

Rugged repeaters

Dust, vibration and temperature resistant

Safety

Lone-worker alerts

Man-down and SOS with location

Monitoring

Remote status

Repeater health visible from the control room

FAQ

Steel mill and mining coverage FAQ

The questions we hear most often on selection, certification and delivery.

Didn’t find your question? Ask an engineer →

Fiber repeaters and leaky feeder or antennas are installed along shafts and drifts, so coverage follows the mine layout as it develops.

Yes. New sections are added by extending fiber and installing additional remote units without reworking existing sections.

Equipment is selected for dust, heat and vibration, and installed away from direct heat sources with protective enclosures where needed.

Radios with man-down and SOS alert the control room; with NetFlex the alert includes position so responders know where to go.